Tinea capitis is an infection of the scalp with mold-like fungi called dermatophytes.

Alternative Names

Fungal infection - scalp; Infection - fungal - scalp; Tinea of the scalp; Ringworm - scalp

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

The body normally hosts a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, mold-like fungi (dermatophytes) and yeast-like fungi (such as Candida). Some of these are useful to the body. Others may multiply rapidly and form infections. Tinea capitis (also called ringworm of the scalp) is a skin disorder that affects children almost exclusively. It can be persistent and contagious, almost to the point of epidemic; however, it often disappears spontaneously at puberty. The fungi that cause tinea infections thrive in warm, moist areas. Susceptibility to tinea infection is increased by poor hygiene, prolonged moist skin, and minor skin or scalp injuries. Tinea infections are contagious and can be passed by direct contact or contact with items such as combs, hats, clothing, or similar surfaces. They can be transmitted from contact with pets that carry the fungus.

Signs and tests

The diagnosis is suspected primarily based on the appearance of the scalp. A skin lesion biopsy with microscopic examination or culture may show dermatophyte. This test is often not necessary to diagnose tinea capitis. A Wood's lamp test may be performed to confirm the presence of a fungal scalp infection.

Treatment

The goal of treatment is control of the infection. Oral antifungal medications are required. Keep the area clean. A medicated shampoo, such as one containing selenium sulfide, may reduce spread of infection. Other family members and pets should be examined and treated if necessary.

Expectations (prognosis)

Tinea capitis may be extremely persistent, may resolve spontaneously at puberty, and may recur.

Complications

Calling your health care provider

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if symptoms indicate tinea capitis may be present, or if symptoms persist despite treatment.

Prevention

Good general hygiene is important in the prevention and treatment of all tinea infections. The scalp should be shampooed regularly, especially after haircuts. Avoid contact with infected pets or individuals. Headgear, combs, and similar items should not be exchanged unless they are first thoroughly cleaned and dried.